MSTR

MicroStrategy Inc.

DOUBTFUL — METHODS DIFFERstock

Is MSTR Halal?

Bitcoin treasury activity dominates the balance sheet; software ratios pass but cryptocurrency and financing treatment remain unresolved.

What You Should Know

Strategy provides enterprise analytics software but holds most of its assets in bitcoin financed partly through debt and preferred securities. Its March 31, 2026 filing reports debt/assets of 15.10%, liquidity/assets of 4.07%, receivables plus cash/assets of 4.29% and disclosed net interest income/revenue of 1.47%. The mechanical ratios pass, but bitcoin classification, leverage and preferred-dividend structures remain methodology-dependent.

⚠️ Concerns

  • Bitcoin represents the dominant asset and its Sharia status is disputed among scholars and methodologies
  • Convertible debt and preferred securities create substantial leverage and fixed-payment obligations
  • Digital-asset price volatility can produce large reported gains and losses unrelated to operating revenue
  • Software, custody, governance, liquidity and market-manipulation risks remain qualitative topics

Current quantitative Sharia screen

Based on 10-Q figures for the period ended 2026-03-31; calculated 2026-07-14.

USD · thousands
Interest-bearing debt / assets
15.10%Within limit
Below 33.333% under FTSE Yasaar

8,196,524 / 54,268,750

Cash + interest-bearing securities / assets
4.07%Within limit
Below 33.333% under FTSE Yasaar

2,207,219 / 54,268,750

Receivables + cash / assets
4.29%Within limit
Below 50% under FTSE Yasaar

2,329,476 / 54,268,750

Non-compliant income / revenue
1.47%Within limit
No more than 5% under FTSE Yasaar

1,824 / 124,300

FTSE Yasaar
v4.6, February 2026
Financial
Pass
Overall
Incomplete

Debt/assets is 15.10%, liquidity/assets is 4.07% and receivables plus cash/assets is 4.29%, below the examined asset-based limits; bitcoin and preferred-security activity remains methodology-dependent.

MSCI Islamic (total-assets series)
October 2024 methodology
Financial
Pass
Overall
Incomplete

Debt/assets is 15.10%, liquidity/assets is 4.07% and receivables plus cash/assets is 4.29%, below the examined MSCI total-assets limits; digital-asset activity is not resolved by these ratios.

Malaysia SAC financial ratios
single 5% activity benchmark adopted November 2025
Financial
Pass
Overall
Incomplete

The examined financial ratios pass, but digital-asset treasury activity and fixed-payment securities remain unresolved; this is not an official classification.

Market-cap denominator methods
MSCI M-Series, S&P and Dow Jones methods differ
Financial
Not calculated
Overall
Incomplete

A licensed historical market-cap series is not stored, and digital-asset activity remains methodology-dependent.

Business-activity disclosure

Strategy provides enterprise analytics software but its balance sheet and strategy are dominated by bitcoin holdings financed partly through debt and preferred securities. Software activity is generally permissible, while bitcoin classification, treasury management, leverage and preferred-dividend structures remain methodology- and scholar-dependent.

Limitation: The filing does not allocate a universal prohibited-revenue numerator for bitcoin-related gains, treasury operations, preferred-stock dividends or software revenue, and digital-asset treatment differs across scholars and standards.

Purification

Strategy discloses net interest income but does not prescribe a scholar-approved purification percentage; bitcoin gains and losses also require a separate scholarly treatment.

Inputs, assumptions and primary sources
  • Amounts are USD thousands from Strategy's March 31, 2026 Form 10-Q.
  • Debt includes current portion of long-term debt of $31,402 thousand and long-term debt of $8,165,122 thousand; preferred-stock redemption value and operating leases are not counted as debt.
  • Cash and cash equivalents are $2,207,219 thousand. No separate interest-bearing securities balance is included; bitcoin is a digital asset, not an interest-bearing security.
  • Accounts receivable, net is $122,257 thousand. First-quarter software and services revenue is $124,300 thousand and disclosed net interest income is $1,824 thousand.
  • Digital assets of $51,649,675 thousand are excluded from the interest-bearing-securities input and require a separate cryptocurrency analysis.

This is a reproducible financial screen, not a fatwa. A failed total-assets screen can coexist with a pass under a market-cap methodology. ZakatInvest keeps the qualitative assessment separate so numerical thresholds do not erase material context.

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