UNH

UnitedHealth Group

DOUBTFUL — FINANCIAL SCREENS PASSstock

Is UNH Halal?

March 2026 financial ratios pass, but conventional insurance dominates revenue and remains disputed under Sharia methodologies.

What You Should Know

UnitedHealth combines conventional health insurance with Optum care delivery, pharmacy benefits, health technology and advisory services. Debt, liquidity, receivables and the conservative mixed-income bound pass the examined total-assets ratios. The overall business screen remains incomplete because the filing does not provide a methodology-specific screened revenue numerator, and many scholars object to conventional insurance because of gharar, maysir and riba concerns.

⚠️ Concerns

  • Conventional insurance contract structure and scholarly disagreement
  • Substantial conventional debt-securities portfolio and mixed investment income
  • Claims, prior authorization, affordability and patient access
  • Pharmacy-benefit pricing, rebates, formularies and conflicts
  • Provider consolidation, government-program compliance, cybersecurity and health-data privacy

Current quantitative Sharia screen

Based on 10-Q figures for the period ended 2026-03-31; calculated 2026-07-12.

USD · millions
Interest-bearing debt / assets
24.92%Within limit
Below 33.333% under FTSE Yasaar

77,917 / 312,644

Cash + interest-bearing securities / assets
25.13%Within limit
Below 33.333% under FTSE Yasaar

78,581 / 312,644

Receivables + cash / assets
25.32%Within limit
Below 50% under FTSE Yasaar

79,176 / 312,644

Non-compliant income / revenue (upper bound)
1.01%Within limit
No more than 5% under FTSE Yasaar

1,131 / 111,721

FTSE Yasaar
v4.6, February 2026
Financial
Pass
Overall
Incomplete

Debt is 24.92%, identifiable liquidity is 25.13%, conservatively bounded receivables plus cash is 25.32%, and the mixed-income upper bound is 1.01%. The financial ratios pass, but a screened business-revenue numerator is unavailable.

MSCI Islamic (total-assets series)
October 2024 methodology
Financial
Pass
Overall
Incomplete

The examined total-assets financial ratios pass. Overall classification remains incomplete because the filing cannot resolve the methodology-specific business-activity treatment of conventional insurance and related services.

Malaysia SAC financial ratios
single 5% activity benchmark adopted November 2025
Financial
Pass
Overall
Incomplete

The examined financial ratios pass, but a screened business-revenue percentage is unavailable. This is a calculation against the SAC ratios, not an official SAC classification of a U.S.-listed security.

Market-cap denominator methods
MSCI M-Series, S&P and Dow Jones methods differ
Financial
Not calculated
Overall
Not calculated

A properly licensed and reproducible 24- or 36-month issuer market-cap history is not yet stored, so these methods are not estimated from a current spot price.

Business-activity disclosure

UnitedHealth combines conventional health insurance through UnitedHealthcare with care delivery, pharmacy-benefit, health-technology and advisory services through Optum. Healthcare that preserves life and health is beneficial in itself. Conventional commercial insurance is disputed or rejected by many scholars because of gharar, maysir and riba concerns, while rulings can distinguish necessity, cooperative risk sharing, regulation, employer coverage and takaful alternatives.

Limitation: Premium revenue was 78.37% of consolidated quarterly revenue, but that is not automatically a prohibited-revenue percentage under every methodology. The filing does not disaggregate revenue according to a chosen scholarly treatment of conventional insurance, government programs, care delivery, pharmacy benefits, interest, investments, or specific products and practices.

Purification

Treating the full 1,131 investment-and-other-income line as potentially non-compliant gives a conservative 1.01% upper bound of quarterly revenue. Because that line is mixed and screened operating revenue is unavailable, this record does not prescribe a complete fixed purification percentage.

Inputs, assumptions and primary sources
  • Interest-bearing debt is the sum of 6,477 of short-term borrowings and current maturities plus 71,440 of long-term debt.
  • Cash and cash equivalents use the reported 28,001 balance.
  • Interest-bearing securities include 50,106 of available-for-sale debt securities and 474 carrying value of held-to-maturity debt securities. Marketable equity securities are excluded from this input.
  • The receivables input deliberately combines 26,587 of accounts receivable with 24,588 of other current receivables as a conservative upper bound.
  • Revenue and the 1,131 investment-and-other-income line use the same three-month period ended March 31, 2026. The entire mixed income line is treated as potentially non-compliant rather than assuming an undisclosed interest amount.
  • UnitedHealth reported 87,561 of premium revenue, 13,250 of product revenue and 9,779 of service revenue, but the filing does not provide a Sharia-screened numerator for conventional insurance, pharmacy-benefit, care-delivery, investment, or other activity.

This is a reproducible financial screen, not a fatwa. A failed total-assets screen can coexist with a pass under a market-cap methodology. ZakatInvest keeps the qualitative assessment separate so numerical thresholds do not erase material context.

🧾
Own UNH? Purify your portfolio.
Per-holding purification amounts, zakat on your shares, and halal alternatives for flagged holdings — a personalized report prepared for you within 48 hours.
Order Your Report — $49 →
Track UNH and 30,000+ stocks' live compliance status with Islamicly — 50% off with code ZAKAT50.Get Islamicly →

Want to screen more assets?

Use our interactive Halal Checker to screen any stock, ETF, or crypto instantly.

Go to Halal Checker →